Iluminación natural: enero 2010

domingo, 31 de enero de 2010

Measuring Cloud Cover
During the day the sun is always shining, so the amount of sunshine reaching the ground depends on the amount and duration of any cloud cover. The amount of cloud cover is usually given in units called oktas.

Each okta represents one eighth of the sky covered by cloud.

Clear sky /1 okta / 2 oktas / 3 oktas / 4 oktas / 5 oktas / 6 oktas / 7 oktas / Overcast

Using a Cloud Mirror

You can use a cloud mirror to simply measure oktas. Divide a large mirror into a grid with 16 equal squares using a dark crayon.

Lay the mirror on the ground somewhere you can see the whole sky.

Count the number of grid squares, or fractions of squares with cloud in them.

Divide that number by two to convert sixteenths into oktas.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/weatherwise/activities/weatherstation/cloud_measuring.shtml

http://www.tutiempo.net/silvia_larocca/Temas/Met15.htm

Sunshine

http://www.kippzonen.com/?productgroup/1491/Sunshine+Duration+Sensors.aspx

Radiometers for the measurement of sunshine duration. Sunshine duration is defined by WMO as the time during which the direct solar radiation exceeds the level of 120 W/m2.

SOLENE

http://www.cerma.archi.fr/CERMA/Expertise/solene/

sábado, 30 de enero de 2010

Walls of Glass

Traditional load-bearing masonry architecture is often characterized by large areas of solid masonry and much smaller areas of glass. It was not until construction technology advanced that larger openings became typical in masonry facades. Increasingly since the Industrial Revolution, the ratio of solids to voids in the facades of low-rise structures and buildings for which daylight for working conditions or sunlight for growth or health were critical (e.g., factories, greenhouses, sanatoria, etc.) dipped significantly.

By the end of the 19th century, the use of glass and glazing to enhance limited or nonexistent artificial interior-lighting conditions in both residential and commercial buildings became customary and indeed integral to many early modern buildings, ranging from factories like the Fagus Shoe Factory, built 1911 to 1913, by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer, to the later Van Nelle Factory by the architectural firm of Brinkman & van der Vlugt.

The ability to manufacture larger sections of glass affordably and the discovery of sunlight's importance to health and well-being both contributed to the acceptance of the extensive use of glass and glazing in 20th-century architecture. More extensive glazing can also be found in residences, pavilions, department stores, sanatoria, and other buildings in which daylight was critical to work, comfort, and wellness. The Zonnestraal Sanatorium in Hilversum, Netherlands, and the Barcelona Pavilion are just a few of the many other prewar examples.

The postwar aesthetic continued and even expanded this pervasive use of glass, notably in residential buildings (some extreme examples are the Glass House in New Canaan, Connecticut, and the Farnsworth House in Plano, Illinois) and in corporate office towers like the Seagram Building and Lever House in New York.

http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Fagus_Works.html

screened interior windows filled with ping-pong balls and acrylic beads provide low-level diffuse light to one of the private offices.

http://www.architectureweek.com/2010/0127/news_1-1.html

http://www.siiur.com/

http://www.masdar.ae/en/Menu/index.aspx?&MenuID=42&CatID=12&mnu=Cat

viernes, 29 de enero de 2010

Sigurd Lewerentz

http://www.flickr.com/photos/seier/2341544206/

http://www.msa.mmu.ac.uk/continuity/index.php/category/sweden/

Massimo Carmassi

L'interno, a un solo piano, è illuminato grazie alla copertura trasparente ed è caratterizzato da un fronte a mattoni e l'altro, ospitante i loculi, rivestito in travertino

http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimitero_di_San_Piero_a_Grado

jueves, 28 de enero de 2010

Berlin Martin-Gropius-Bau

http://www.flickr.com/photos/rvoegtli/3353509704/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/dasypeltis/3493769328/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/anothernoone/300269717/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/26511969@N03/3659687249/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/paspog/3215490458/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/stijnnieuwendijk/4146967/

El museo, un edificio diseñado y construido entre 1877 y 1881 por Martin Gropius (tío de Walter Gropius) y Heino Schmieden, se encuentra ubicado en la Stresemannstraße, en el sector de Kreuzberg. Es una de las construcciones más interesantes surgidas de la Bauakademie, la escuela de arquitectura fundad por Karl Friedrich von Schinkel en 1836, y presenta una fachada de corte renacentista italiano y un interesante claustro, centro de las exposiciones. El edificio fue seriamente dañado durante la II Guerra Mundial y reconstruido tras la misma por los arquitectos Winnetou Kampmann y Ute Weström.
Originalmente el museo fue concebido para acoger colecciones de artes decorativas, pero en la actualidad alberga exposiciones temporales de arte internacional.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/maha-online/2078094157/